Real-world clinical outcomes under intravenous and subcutaneous esketamine protocols for treatment-resistant depression: a multicenter, retrospective study

This retrospective multicentre study (n=72) compared intravenous and subcutaneous esketamine protocols for treatment-resistant depression in routine clinical care. Intravenous treatment showed a more favourable response pattern after six sessions, but outcomes were similar at each protocol’s endpoint; no serious adverse events occurred, although dissociation was more common with intravenous treatment.